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underlying inflation remained high. The significant tightness of monetary policy that has been achieved creates the conditions for resuming disinflation processes and returning the inflation

which is partially reduced by inflation and partially offset by higher tax revenues. However, we set aside the issue of inflation’s impact on accumulated

respectively, inflation caused by the macroeconomic shock equals about 6%. In the absence of trade and financial costs though inflation remains zero. Higher inflation in

volatility of such key economic volume indicators as output and consumption, while inflation as a price indicator exhibits higher volatility. This increased volatility arises from

K. Styrin This paper studies how the effect of macroeconomic shocks on inflation depends on the severity of restrictions on international borrowing and imports. Using

inflation indicators Trend inflation Decline / slow growth (less than 3% SAAR) CPI Median (566 items in 2024) Growth close to target (3–5% SAAR) Inflation

higher market rates constrain demand and inflation, while lower ones stimulate them. In addition to monetary policy and demand, inflation and financial market trends are

16 December, annual inflation went up to 9.5%. Inflation expectations continue to rise, increasing the inertia of underlying inflation. Household inflation expectations and business

been translating into current inflation, primarily its underlying components. Inflation expectations continue to exert additional pressure on prices. Households’ and businesses’ inflation expectations are largely

16 December, annual inflation went up to 9.5%. Inflation expectations continue to rise, increasing the inertia of underlying inflation. Household inflation expectations and business