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K. Styrin This paper studies how the effect of macroeconomic shocks on inflation depends on the severity of restrictions on international borrowing and imports. Using

inflation indicators Trend inflation Decline / slow growth (less than 3% SAAR) CPI Median (566 items in 2024) Growth close to target (3–5% SAAR) Inflation

16 December, annual inflation went up to 9.5%. Inflation expectations continue to rise, increasing the inertia of underlying inflation. Household inflation expectations and business

higher market rates constrain demand and inflation, while lower ones stimulate them. In addition to monetary policy and demand, inflation and financial market trends are

16 December, annual inflation went up to 9.5%. Inflation expectations continue to rise, increasing the inertia of underlying inflation. Household inflation expectations and business

been translating into current inflation, primarily its underlying components. Inflation expectations continue to exert additional pressure on prices. Households’ and businesses’ inflation expectations are largely

given the situation for achieving Foreign currency-denominated assets and precious metals the inflation target. The key rate is set by the Bank of Russia mainly

for inflation to continue easing in the coming months. Another exception is Egypt, where annual inflation remains at double-digit levels since 2022. Egypt’s inflation

being tested, although in the absence of the necessary measures to reduce inflation, financial stability risks in general would have been much greater. Despite a

in a new development face losses due to this price disparity. As inflation slows and the key rate declines, market mortgage programmes will become more