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as well as in part due to the development of online trade. exchange rate volatility. Sales in consumer goods street markets increased. MONETARY CONDITIONS AND

exchange rate changes by 10%. Generally, this pass-through effect is minor. This largely reflects a rather low rate of overall inflation. Contrastingly, when exchange rate

and precious metals is converted to rubles using the period average USDRUB exchange rate. Mortgage loans net of claims acquired by banks. Source: Bank of

global markets caused in part by various geopolitical developments, which may affect exchange rate and inflation expectations. Also, given that the global economic recovery is

Chart 10 (02.01.2019 = 100) Размер графика – 2x60х82 EXCHANGE RATES IN ADVANCED ECONOMIES* EXCHANGE RATES IN EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES* 115 120 110 110 100

Exchange Rate of US Dollar Against Ruble*.......................................................................................................... 88 3.2.2. Official Exchange Rate of Euro Against Ruble*.................................................................................................................. 90 3.2.3. Official Exchange Rate:

t-2 Import of goods vintages RSSS t-2 Nominal exchange rate regular CBR t-1 Real effective exchange rate regular BIS t-1 Interbank interest rate regular CBR

the 7% GDP threshold. Source: Federal Treasury Ruble exchange rate Ruble exchange rate Real effective ruble exchange rate 50 7,5 160 55 8,0

and issuers, which of foreign exchange assets. must have a minimum credit rating of A under The objective of foreign exchange asset the Fitch Ratings

Chart 10 (02.01.2018 = 100) Размер графика – 2x60х82 EXCHANGE RATES IN ADVANCED ECONOMIES* EXCHANGE RATES IN EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES* 115 120 110 110 100