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in March. down the OFZ yield curve by 5-20 bp depending Foreign exchange rate. The ruble appreciated on maturity. against the US dollar by 1.

prices, the VIX indicator and the MIACR interbank interest rate. 11 We assumed that foreign exchange reserves would be replenished annually by an amount equivalent

O., Adler, G., de Carvalho Filho, I. (2015) ‘Can Foreign Exchange Intervention Stem Exchange Rate Pressures from Global Capital Flow Shocks?’ IMF Working Paper WP

Inflation targeting Active inflation Liquidity Transition deadline Key rate introduced Floating exchange announced targeting management set rate introduced Dec. 2018 Dec. 2017 communications “Floating rate

47 47 ‘roughly 4% a year’ (Chart 9 of the Report). Ruble exchange rate fluctuations 33 38 36 39 The distribution of replies to this

the Procedure for the Bank of Russia to Set and Publish Official Exchange Rates of Foreign Currencies Against the Ruble’ (becomes effective 10 days after

companies’ products held at the previous month level and the effect of exchange rate and lending condition drivers faded. Investment activity In March 2019, investment

other local investors. Taking into account Foreign exchange rate. The ruble exchange operations in the secondary stock market, rate rose against the US dollar by

might lead to strengthened volatility in global commodity and financial markets, affecting exchange rate and inflation expectations. Supply-side factors in the oil market may amplify

followinggas,Exchange year. rate)OGR forec(Poil,Pgas,Exchange rate) OGRadd =OGR forec(Poil,Pgas,Exchange rate)OGR base(BPoil,BP gas,Exchange rate) Maximum