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the accuracy of the forecast compared to the model with an average exchange rate and other macro variables. Nevertheless, this improvement in the sensitivity is

balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in foreign exchange markets to influence the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes. Reserve assets consist

stocks of foreign assets and liabilities are caused by corrections of earlier exchange rate and price revaluations, and of adjustments in “Other changes” item. Results

balance of payments and the IIP, which results under the influence of exchange rates, is reflected in the IIP as a change resulting from revaluation.

Exchange Rate of US Dollar Against Ruble*.......................................................................................................... 87 3.2.2. Official Exchange Rate of Euro Against Ruble*.................................................................................................................. 89 3.2.3. Official Exchange Rate:

contraction in both consumer and investment goods exports notwithstanding quite favourable ruble exchange rate movements and support from seasonal factors. Third, modest foreign direct investment

DEPRECIATION OF EM CURRENCIES (03.01.2017 = 100) ADVANCED ECONOMY EXCHANGE RATES EMERGING ECONOMY EXCHANGE RATES 120 130 115 110 110 90 105 70 100

Inflation targeting Active inflation Liquidity Transition deadline Key rate introduced Floating exchange announced targeting management set rate introduced Dec. 2018 Dec. 2017 communications “Floating rate

47 52 50 assessments of the prospects for this country’s Ruble exchange rate fluctuations 39 41 40 38 development deteriorated the most (Chart 12

Russia’s Research and Forecasting Department bulletin. The temporary factors, mainly including exchange rate changes, the stabilisation of motor fuel prices and early harvest, show