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of Inflation Persistent? Evidence from a Novel Decomposition of PCE Inflation. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Current Policy Perspectives. November 4, 2022. 5 TALKING TRENDS

International Reserves of the Russian Federation*.......................................................................................................................... 15 1.8. International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity — Russia................................................................................................... 16 1.9. International Reserves Adequacy (International Reserves in

2024 2025 2026 2027 Foreign assets (excluding reserves) Foreign liabilities Change in reserves Financial account balance (including reserves) * In the balance item, ‘–’ denotes net borrowing

five reserve currencies. SDRs can be acquired by countries to fulfil their obligations to the IMF or sold to adjust the structure of international reserves.

International Reserves of the Russian Federation*.......................................................................................................................... 16 1.8. International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity — Russia................................................................................................... 17 1.9. International Reserves Adequacy (International Reserves in

declined and the spread expanded at the end of the December required reserves (RRs) averaging period2 (AP). Banks reduced their demand for liquidity, as they

balance, excluding reserve assets 47 55 40 32 Net incurrence of liabilities 6 -1 0 4 Net acquisition of financial assets, excluding reserve assets 54

crystal ball, but nevertheless, rate hikes by central banks with reserve currencies, primarily the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank, have been painful for

of Inflation Persistent? Evidence from a Novel Decomposition of PCE Inflation. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Current Policy Perspectives. November 4, 2022. 8 TALKING TRENDS

for the maintenance period. Required reserves on special accounts indicates the average of end-of-day positions on special accounts for required reserves of credit institutions with