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6 3.5 Balance indicators of inflation (difference of shares of components with accelerating and decelerating inflation), % Annual inflation -41.9 -35.1 -37.6

perceived inflation Figure 8. Inflation expectations over a three-year 3 and household inflation expectations horizon Perceived inflation Not sure Significantly below 4% a year Inflation

they affect inflation expectations. Inflation the key rate is retained above its neutral level, dynamics are largely determined by inflation which helps inflation slow down

conduct operations with foreign currency. rate of a respective currency, interest rates, inflation rate, derivatives’ prices, official statistical information, physical, Individual Indicators Highlights biological and

существует ли общий знаменатель для регионов и товаров? и прогнозирования Rabanal P. Inflation differentials between Spain and the EMU: A DSGE perspective. Journal of Money,

as temporary and triggered by local factors. Annual growth in with elevated inflation expectations compared with gross fixed capital formation is estimated at 0.8-

demand. Non-food sales were on the rise, which was associated with elevated inflation expectations. Overall, consumption growth was underpinned by an increase in real wages.

inflation and economic dynamics against the forecast, as well as risks posed by external conditions and the reaction of financial markets. Inflation movements. Annual inflation

2017 ...............................................23 3. GDP growth by expenditure .............................................................................................................................26 4. Inflation, core inflation, and average annual inflation .......................................................................................27 5. Prices of food products, nonfood products and

Inflation reached 3.4% in September; it is on course to stand at about the 4% target by the end of the year. Short-term inflation