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actual / estimate) 2022 2023 2024 Inflation, as % in December year-on-year 8.4 5.0-6.0 4.0 4.0 Inflation, average for the year, as

MB MB MB MB MBs’ percentage in inflation % 2021 100 34 11 12 14 13 11 5 Inflation % YoY Dec21 8.4 8.3 8.

in consumer expenses driven by both higher wages and retail lending. As inflation expectations stay high, households still prefer not to make savings. Furthermore, the

premium associated with inflation fluctuations. In turn, the transmission mechanism, that is the effectiveness of monetary policy, which affects the economy and inflation through changes

because 12% more than over the same period in 2019. of faster inflation. 8 Foreign economic activity commodity code – 8708. 9 Foreign economic activity commodity

a gradual monetary policy normalisation in the case of a slowdown of inflation. • The main trends observed in the market of ruble deposits in the

of the central bank’s monetary policy, with the inflation rate staying always elevated. To contain inflation, the central bank will have to maintain a

participants reviewed their expectations regarding the key rate due to persistently high inflation. As deposit rates continued to go up, the inflow of households’ funds

PhD. The recommended research topics are: central bank policies and their tools, inflation, financial stability, the banking system, and data analysis. Please send your applications

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Observed inflation Expected inflation Annual inflation The impact of one-off supply-side drivers of inflation is translating into growing prices for