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the BRICS currencies. Reserves and International Investment Position In times of extreme uncertainty, as induced by the pandemic, a country’s reserves position is an

portfolio investments experienced outflows. Reserve assets. Reserve accumulation trends have diverged, with Brazil using a small portion of its FX reserves to address excess volatility

The first publications were released by the Bank of Russia and the Reserve Bank of India on the BRICS economies in 2020 and 2021. The

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debt, $bn Reserves, $bn Developed countries Emerging countries Russia 800 140% External debt/GDP 2020 = 32% 123% 700 Reserves/GDP 2020 = 40% 120% Reserves cover

of NPF pension savings was 5.5% p.a., and of pension reserves — 3.2% p.a. NPFs were building up their investments in corporate

if the situation deteriorates. The key buffers including substantial amount of international reserves, low public debt, significant capital buffers and high banking sector profit help

495 771-91-00, +7 495 621-64-65 (fax) Website: www.cbr.ru All rights reserved. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors

is sufficiently stable as compared to other emerging market economies. Significant international reserves at the central bank, small public debt, and considerable capital cushions and

been released. The issue presents information on required reserves averaging periods for 2022 and periods of required reserves regulation to be recalculated in 2022. The