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procedure for calculating special interest rate risk by bringing the classification of debt securities (excluding securitisation and re-securitisation instruments) in line with the approach to

only address these problems through macroeconomic stability, an imbalance-free market without excessive debt loads, and a healthy financial system that has a good safety cushion

assets, labour costs and current debt to turnover (as in Raddatz 2006) as well as the benchmark indicator of external dependence (Rajan and Zingales 1998

Union GDP (EU GDP) and the oil price in ruble terms (as external sector indicators). We use data from the Bank of Russia, the Federal

to the economy (non-financial organi- creased from 21,836 to 19,776; external cash desks – 0.1 Regulation of required reserves of credit sations and

Federation by partner country and geographical zone with allocation of investment in debt instruments and interrelations with partner enterprises. The presentation format complies with the

limited potential substitution of external finance with domestic one, following the narrow nature of the Russian financial market and high debt load of companies. Investment

limited potential substitution of external finance with domestic one, following the narrow nature of the Russian financial market and high corporate debt load. Investment is

of external finance with domestic one will be among the factors which, following the narrow nature of the Russian financial market and its high debt

lending conditions. Poor substitution of external funding sources with domestic ones caused by shallow Russian financial market and high debt burden will also contain investment