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of the Russian Federation*..............................................................................................................................5 1.2. External Debt of the Russian Federation*...........................................................................................................................................7 1.3. External Debt of the Russian Federation in Domestic and

Growing external debt leads to an increase in the risk premium. If the risk premium is positively related to the size of external debt, the

the Turkish lira weakened against the US dollar by 9.8%. Large external debt and a considerable share of foreign currency liabilities in the corporate

of the Russian Federation*..............................................................................................................................5 1.2. External Debt of the Russian Federation*...........................................................................................................................................7 1.3. External Debt of the Russian Federation in Domestic and

October 2025, fuelled by record-high prices for gold. RUSSIA’S EXTERNAL DEBT Russia’s external debt increased by $15 billion or 5% to $305 billion

such as import substitution and the repayment of a considerable part of external debt in previous years. At the same time, there are new sanctions

domestic sources for financing the national economy (over 2014–2024, Russian companies’ external debt in the ruble equivalent surged by a factor of 1.2,

statistical data on the Russian Federation’s external trade in services, the external debt of the Russian Federation, the international reserves of the Russian Federation,

of the Russian Federation*..............................................................................................................................5 1.2. External Debt of the Russian Federation*...........................................................................................................................................7 1.3. External Debt of the Russian Federation in Domestic and

request to the IMF for urgent financial support. Ultimately, the country's external debt rose 32% to $77 billion in 2023, with liabilities to the