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amount of cash in circulation was 14.1 trillion rubles, which is 0.7 trillion rubles or nearly 5% more than a year ago, according

10 0 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Current ruble accounts Short-term ruble deposits Long-term ruble deposits Foreign currency accounts and deposits Revaluation of foreign

Nominal effective exchange rate * ‘+’ means ruble depreciation against foreign currencies; ‘-’ means ruble appreciation * ‘+’ means ruble depreciation against foreign currencies; ‘-’ means ruble appreciation against foreign currencies.

currency (digital ruble) which will become the third form of Russia’s national currency and will be used along with cash and non-cash rubles. Moreover,

to 938.2 billion rubles in November 2021. The portfolio of SME loans continued to expand, reaching over 7.1 trillion rubles as of 1