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771
14.02.2023
an external sovereign wealth fund proved to be the most effective for stabilisation purposes. In a new reality, given the impossibility of accumulating external reserves,
in external economic conditions on the
domestic environment and ensures the predictability of the Russian Government’s approaches
to expenditure budgeting and public debt management.
39) · July 2022 External environment
businesses to make long-term plans. Fluctuations in commodity prices considerably impact
overall price growth.
• The accumulated debt problems (e.g.
Before the beginning of the crisis, a record high level of household debt burden at the macro
level (10.6% of disposable household income) was
775
21.04.2022
in the explosive growth of retail lending. We understood that excessive loan debts posed risks not only to the banking system’s resilience, but primarily
776
29.11.2021
amount of international reserves, low public debt, significant capital buffers and high banking sector profit help to withstand potential external and internal shocks.
Meanwhile, the
the subject of the credit default swap.
Federal government bonds (OFZ)
Government debt securities.
Financial stability
A state of the financial system involving no systemic
trends will increasingly depend on the
affordability of loans for households. Should external or internal shocks materialise and mortgage
lending conditions deteriorate, real estate prices
779
02.09.2021
to be seen yet whether particular countries are capable of handling this debt burden. If it turns out to be excessive, monetary policy normalisation in
as lending, seems to be an efficient instrument for borrowers to raise debt
financing. This is evidenced by increasing primary offerings.
However, a lower liquidity