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5–10 7–12 7–12 Claims on organisations and households in rubles and foreign currency3 16.4 8–11 6–11 8–13 8

in case of escalating trade disputes may have proinflationary effects through the ruble exchange rate dynamics. Geopolitical tensions remain a significant uncertainty factor. Disinflationary risks

of the monitoring of the maximum interest rates on deposits1 in Russian rubles of the top 10 credit institutions2 attracting the largest amount of household

of the ruble; ‘-’ – appreciation of the ruble. Sources: Moscow Exchange, Bank of Russia calculations. The real effective exchange rate (REER) of the ruble calculated against

of rubles (works, services), to individuals, billions of rubles (including customs duties), billions of rubles billions of rubles billions of rubles billions of rubles 1

of the monitoring of the maximum interest rates on deposits1 in Russian rubles of the top 10 credit institutions2 attracting the largest amount of household

Russian legal entity; • Minimum charter capital of 50 million rubles; • Minimum net assets of 50 million rubles; • Experience and qualification requirements for members of governing

9 DIGITAL RUBLE PLATFORM The Bank of Russia continued its work to introduce the digital ruble and advance the functions of the digital ruble platform.

above overseen entities include payment systems, the payment infrastructure, and the digital ruble platform. The Bank of Russia regularly discloses information about NPS oversight results

In September, the ruble weakened slightly, remaining within the range of fluctuations recorded in the previous six months. As the share of ruble earnings was