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the evolution of capital markets. Considering the constraints on firms to incur external debt, it is projected that bank lending will increase by 15 pp

expenditure (including outgoing transfers to RB and GEBF) – external FB expenditure – FB expenditure to service external debt 2 Regional RB revenue – incoming transfers to RB

external debt of the economy is very and capital accounts. important for analyzing its sustainability to external shocks. Methodological and conceptual basis for external debt

of external debt, accumulated by the budget, banks, and non-financial organisations. Chart 28. Turkey short-term external debt ($ billion) and its share in total external debt

be less than "long" assets), unbalanced capital flows (and thus may have external debts). Taken together, all of this could put upward pressure on the

business acquisitions. Financing of housing construction increased. In addition, the substitution of external debt continued. Businesses still had a high need for borrowings to fund

who intended to pay for foreign tourism services, as well as corporate external debt repayments, exerted pressure on the ruble. The actual monthly exchange rate

external debt of the economy is very and capital accounts. important for analyzing its sustainability to external shocks. Methodological and conceptual basis for external debt

Non-financial companies’ foreign currency loans, % growth Non-financial companies’ external debt in rubles, % growth Non-financial companies’ external debt in foreign currency, % growth Growth, YoY Broadly defined