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to achieve possible EU
benchmarks was calculated, and the cost of reducing CO2 emissions was determined based on the
data in respect of the largest
RISKS AND
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ESG RATINGS STRESS TESTING
TAXONOMY
E S G
CO2
SUSTAINABILITY SECTORS SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE INTERNAL
ON MOSCOW AND SPB DEVELOPMENT ISSUES IN
decarbonization of OUTCOMES OF
carbon-intensive industries and VERIFIERS RECOMENDATIONS
improving the environment-
CO2
related aspects of their activities 13 APPROVED ORGANIZATIONS harmonized definition of the
the carbon intensity of electricity of 1 kg CO2 / kWh for
coal and 0.4 kg CO2 / kWh for gas).
Energy transition scenarios in Russia:
Furthermore, a carbon market is formed to trade emissions in
tons of CO2 equivalent: companies that have reduced their emissions below the allowances act as
US$90 per
ton of CO2 by 2030 and to a level of at least US$240 per ton of CO2 by 20502. If the
2020); Capasso et al. (2020); Okimoto and Takaoka (2022)) consider carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as
the climate risk proxy. To capture the credit risk, some
the price of CO2 emissions (the
price of carbon). Alternatively, under a carbon tax scheme, authorities specify a tax rate
on CO2 emissions (the price
who advocated such a tax as high as $75 per tonne of
CO2 equivalent by 2030.10 In a number of articles,11, 12 IMF
message that
the data from sustainalytics.com correlates to that of CO2 emissions, but CO2 emissions should
be preferred.
There are several shortcomings in such