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estimates of observed inflation among those with savings decreased less notably. The gap between the estimate of observed inflation and the annual growth of the

DME Airport DAC XS2278534099 6.3. Gaz Capital S.A. XS0191754729 XS0316524130 XS0885736925 XS1585190389 XS1795409082 XS1951084471 6.4. Gaz Finance plc XS2124187571 XS2196334671 XS2291819980 XS2301292400

growth rates (measured on a cumulative basis since 2017) continued rising. The gap between the growth rate of the CPI and a slower increase in

labor market of Russia as a whole and regionally Do global output gaps help forecast inflation in Russia? Long-term financing, investment and innovation-related growth DEMUR,

shocks manifest in ways unpredictable to these agents themselves, highlighting an expectations-feedback gap. The findings have important implications for monetary policy, particularly regarding communication strategies.

publish these reports. The Bank of Russia also suggests removing the time gap between the publication of an issuer’s consolidated financial statements and the

by households or firms. This points to the existence of an expectations-feedback gap for these agents, reflecting a disconnect in the transmission of their expectations

RELATIVE TO AVERAGE INTEREST RATE GAP 1 JULY 2023 TO 1 APRIL 2025 OVER ONE-YEAR HORIZON IN RUBLES (AXIS Y, GAP / (PP) 63х82 63х82 FROM

Households with savings did not change their estimates of observed inflation. The gap between the estimate of observed inflation and the annual growth of the

in inflation to 4% in 2026 requires lower inflation expectations, a smaller gap between wage and labour productivity growth rates, and a sustainably moderate increase